DNA fragmentation analysis of sperm cells
Sometimes a routine semen analysis shows normal results, even if pregnancy does not occur. A sperm DNA test can provide more information about the quality of the genetic material in the sperm. At Medicus we now offer DNA fragmentation analysis as part of the fertility assessment in men.
What is DNA fragmentation in sperm cells?
DNA fragmentation means that there is damage or breakage in the DNA in sperm cells.
DNA contains the genetic material that is transferred to the embryo at fertilization. If the DNA is damaged, it can in some cases affect:
- fertilization
- embryo development
- risk of miscarriage.
This is not something you see in a normal semen analysis.
What does the test measure?
The analysis we use at Medicus measures two types of DNA damage:
Total DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI)
This shows the proportion of sperm cells with DNA damage.
The result is often divided into three levels:
- low
- limit value
- high
Breaks on both DNA strands (DSB)
This is a more serious type of DNA damage where both DNA strands are broken.
This type of injury may be associated with an increased risk of:
- chromosomal abnormalities in embryos
- repeated miscarriages.
The analysis we use
At Medicus, the sample is analyzed with a method that measures two types of DNA damage: total DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and double-strand breaks (DSB).
DSB is a more serious form of DNA damage, and analysis of this component is not included in all DNA fragmentation tests.
The analysis uses artificial intelligence and is carried out in our own laboratory by specialized embryologists.
The result is always assessed by a fertility specialist in conjunction with other examinations.
When might the test be relevant?
DNA analysis of sperm cells can be considered by:
- unexplained infertility
- repeated miscarriages
- multiple failed IVF or ICSI attempts without achieving pregnancy
- varicocele
- limit values in regular semen analysis
- before sperm freezing
- before IUI treatment.
It may also be relevant if there are factors that can affect sperm quality, such as smoking, obesity or heat exposure.
How is a DNA fragmentation analysis of sperm performed?
The sample is taken in the same way as a normal semen sample.
To get the most reliable results possible, it is recommended:
- 1–3 days of abstinence before the test
- that the test is postponed if you have had fever for the past 1–2 weeks.
The sample is analyzed in the laboratory using specialized technology.
What happens if the test shows DNA damage?
The result is always assessed individually.
Depending on findings, further measures may include:
- lifestyle changes
- treatment of underlying conditions
- antioxidant treatment
- new test after a period
- adaptation of fertility treatment.
The doctor will always view the result in the context of the rest of the fertility assessment.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. This is a more advanced analysis that provides additional information about the DNA quality in sperm cells.
No. Many factors affect fertility, and the result must be considered together with other tests.
In some cases, it may be appropriate to repeat the test, for example after lifestyle changes or treatment.
Yes. Factors such as smoking, obesity, heat exposure and illness can affect sperm quality.
Book an appointment for DNA fragmentation analysis
You can book the test directly with us via online booking. It can also be done after a referral from a doctor or recommended by our fertility specialists in connection with a fertility assessment.